Heating horizontal coke ovens with vertical heating flues



Oct. 12, 1965 c. OTTO 3,211,632

HEATING HORIZONTAL COKE OVENS WITH VERTICAL HEATING FLUES Filed Feb. 24,1960 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. I.

INVENTOR CARL OTTO WMJJZ ATTORNEYS.

C- OTTO Oct. 12, 1965 HEATING HORIZONTAL COKE OVENS WITH VERTICALHEATING FLUES Filed Feb. 24, 1960 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 m OE INVENTOR CARLOTTO ATTORNEYS.

c. OTTO 3,211,632

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 0m: 919 90mm: @009 ONE OOO com: b5 cows coo. 0mg 0009 kA A k N Y N W N Q N Q 2 com: 029 08s 6009 @009 L E A HEATING HORIZONTALCOKE OVENS WITH VERTICAL HEATING FLUES Filed Feb. 24, 1960 Oct. 12, 1965DI N OE INVENTOR BY CARL OTTO #MMQL ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent 3,211,632 HEATING HORIZONTAL COKE OVENS WITHVERTICAL HEATING FLUES Carl Otto, 8 The Beachway, Manhasset, N.Y. FiledFeb. 24, 1960, Ser. No. 10,606 18 Claims. (Cl. 202135) This applicationis a continuation-in-part of my earlier filed application Serial No.505,164 filed by me on May 2, 1955, and now abandoned.

This invention relates to horizontal coke ovens with vertical heatingflues and particularly to improvements in horizontal coke ovens withvertical heating flues which are adapted to be heated by the combustionof rich gas.

The standard horizontal coke oven battery comprises a plurality ofelongated ovens which are spaced apart by coke oven heating walls. Eachcoke oven heating wall includes two spaced liners with vertical fluesextending therebetween. The flues may be interconnecting in a number ofdifferent fashions such as by connecting one flue only with the adjacentflue to thereby render what is commonly known as a hairpin flue oven, orthe flues may be so connected that all of the flues distributed alongone end of the oven are up flues whereas all the flues on the other endof the oven are down flues to thereby render a two divided oven. Thereare also What is known as four divided ovens and cross over ovens, inthe latter of which the flues in one heating wall serve as up flues andthe flues in the heating wall on the other side of the coke oven chamberserve as down flow flues.

Regardess of which type of flue arrangement is employed all of theconventional types of coke ovens utilize a principle of introduction ofair and gas into the bottoms of a plurality of up flow flues which gasair combine and burn to thereby yield heat, which passes through theheating wall liners and into the coke oven chamber where it heats thecoal charge and converts it to coke. It is always desirable in coking acharge of coal that the charge be coked at a substantially constant rateat all levels of the charge whereby when any portion of the charge isfully coked the remainder thereof is fully coked to thereby make theentire charge ready to be pushed from the coke oven chamber and therebyrender the coke oven chamber ready for subsequent recharging.

There are two types of gas which are normally employed in coke ovens forproviding the fuel therefor. There is a rich coke oven gas which has aheating value of approximately 500 to 1000 B.t.u.s per cubic foot and alean coke oven gas which has a heating value of approximately 80 to 150B.t.u.s per cubic foot. When lean gases are employed the reaction of thegas with the air is usually slow thus yielding a very long flame whichmay extend from the bottom of the flue to almost its top. Withcombustion taking place throughout the entire length of the flue theheating throughout the flue is substantially constant and hence thecoking rate from the bottom of the oven to the top thereof will besubstantially constant. However, when rich gas and air are introducedinto a flue of a coke oven the rate of combustion is usually much higherthereby yielding a relatively short flame with a great concentration ofheat at the bottom of the oven and substantially lower temperaturestowards the top thereof. The relatively poor temperature distribution inrich gas ovens is particularly pronounced in gun flue ovens wherein therich gas is distributed to the bottoms of the several up flues through aceramic pipe to nozzles located at the bottoms of the vertical heatingflues. In such ovens the flame is commonly very short and thetemperature at the bottom of the oven is substantially higher than thatat the top.

There have been a number of attempts to compensate for the badtemperature distribution in rich gas ovens and ice particularly in gunflue ovens. The most common expedient for overcoming this difficulty hasbeen to step the thickness of the heating wall liners (stepped wallliners) making the bottom of the liners substantially thicker than thetop thereof to thereby retard heat transfer at the bottom as comparedwith the top to render the temperature in the coke oven chambersubstantially constant from bottom to top. While this expedient doeswork, it will be obvious that what is being done is to reduce thetemperature at the bottom of the coke oven chamber so that it will equalthe lower temperature at the top of the coke oven chamber. This,however, is not wholly desirable since the coking rate is dependent uponthe temperature. Accordingly, by using this expedient the coking ratemay well be lower than can be economically achieved at highertemperatures which are not possible when using the stepped wall linerexpedient. Furthermore, the cost of thickening the bottoms of theheating wall liners add to the total cost of the coke oven and, inaddition, subjects the bottom of the heating wall liner to very hightemperatures which hastens the deterioration of the fire bricks.

Still another means of achieving uniform heating in rich gas ovens hasbeen the use of the still or Christmas tree oven, as exemplified by US.Patent No. 1,901,770, granted to Herman Petsch on Mar. 14, 1933. Inthese ovens rich gas is introduced at the bottom of the oven and air isintroduced at various levels into the heating flue by means of abranched inclined passage through the binder wall. Thus a portion of thegas will combine with the air at different levels and distribute thecombustion along the length of the vertical heating flue and therebytend to eliminate the hot bottom spots prevalent in conventional richgas ovens. However, the still oven has never been adopted in America dueto the fact that the air must be passed up to the various levels in theflue by means of a passage in the heating wall binders which passagetends to weaken the binder and hence the entire coke oven wallstructure. Moreover, there is no opportunity for regulating the amountof air introduced at various levels which thereby renders the oven afairly inflexible device which cannot be adapted to different types ofrich gas.

In underjet horizontal coke ovens wherein the gas is introduced at thebottom of the oven through steel pipes, the problem of eliminating thehot spot at the bottom of the oven has been reduced by introducing thegas at two levels, that is by providing high and low burners. Byutilizing high and low burners the variation in tempera ture over theheight or length of the flue is reduced as there are two verticallyspaced heat sources. However, there still remains substantial variationin temperature of the order of about half that encountered when just alow burner is employed. Moreover, the expedient of high and low burnershas never been successful in gun flue ovens due to the fact that therich gas passing to the upper oven is cracked due to the hightemperatures at the bottom of the oven to thereby yield carbonizationand the depositing of gums and resins at the high burner which clog theburner and reduce the heating value of the gas.

An excellent discussion of these problems is presented in an articleentitled Wilputte Issues a White Paper, by Louis Wilputte, May, 1939issue of Blast Furnace and Steel Plant magazine.

The main object of the present invention is the provision of a new andimproved horizontal coke oven utilizing rich gas, which oven willprovide substantially uniform heating along the Vertical length of theheating flues.

Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a newand improved rich gas gun flue horizontal coke oven which will providesubstantially uniform heating along the entire vertical length of theheating wall.

Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a newand improved rich gas horizontal coke oven having heating wall liners ofsubstantially uniform thickness throughout the lines in between theliners with gas and air introducing means which are arranged to elongatethe flame to thereby render the heating within the heating wallsubstantially uniform throughout its height.

Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a richgas gun flue coke oven having heating walls with liners of substantiallyuniform thickness throughout and with flues between said lines havingair introducing means therein arranged to render combustionsubstantially uniform throughout the length of the flues.

In accordance with the present invention, I provide a coke oven batteryhaving a plurality of coke oven chambers spaced apart by heating walls.Each heating wall is made of two liners of substantially uniformthickness thoughout the vertical length thereof with a plurality offiues disposed between the heating wall liners. In each flue I provide agas entrance at the bottom for introduction of rich gas in substantiallya wholly vertical direction and I provide means remote from the zone ofintro duction of the gas for introducing air in an upward path parallelto the path of the gas at two levels. A portion of the air is introducedat the same level as the gas and slowly admixes with the gas to therebyretard total combustion of the gas as it passes up the flue. Theremainder of the air is introduced at a higher level. That gas which hasnot been oxidized by the air by the time it passes the upper level ofair introduction will slowly admix with the air introduced in said upperlevel to continue burning as the gas moves up the flue. Thus combustionwill take place along substantially the entire length of the flue and ata relatively uniform rate to thereby render a substantially uniformtemperature throughout the length of the heating flue. In accordancewith one improvement of said invention, means are provided forregulating the amount of air introduced at the several levels in theheating flue to thereby provide means for effectuating uniform heatingregardless of the characteristics of the gas.

The above and other objects, characteristics and fea tures of thepresent invention will be more fully understood from the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying illustrativedrawings.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a coke oven battery embodyingthe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 33 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 44 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 55 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a coke oven heatingwall of present day conventional design;

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 showing a coke oven heating wall inaccordance with the present invention with the temperature in theadjacent coking chamber being equal to the temperature in the cokingchamber adjacent the heating Wall shown in FIG. 6; and

FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 showing a heating wall embodying thepresent invention with the maximum temperature in the heating fluestherein equal to the maximum temperature encountered in the heatingfiues of the heating wall shown in FIG. 6.

FIGS. 1 and 5 generally illustrate a horizontal coke oven battery 10 ofwell known general construction comprising alternating heating walls 12and coke oven chambers 14, and regenerator chambers 16 and 18 below thelevel of said coking chambers and heating walls. The coke oven batterystructure 10 is of the well known hairpin flue type of horizontalregenerative coke oven battery adapted especially for burning rich gas.Battery 10 as illustrative is of the hairpin flue type although othertypes of flue arrangements may be employed in accordance withthe presentinvention. In the hairpin flue type oven each of the heating walls 12 isformed with numerous noncommunicating pairs of vertical flues 20 and 22,the two flues of each pair being connected at the upper ends by passage24.

A brickwork layer 26 directly beneath the heating walls 12 and cokingchambers 14 forms the deck or floor of said heating walls 12 and cokingchambers 14 and the roof of the plurality of regenerator chambers 16 and18. Vertical pillar walls 28 directly beneath each heating wall 12extend from one side of the battery to the other and similar walls 30beneath each coking chamber 14 extend from one side of the battery tothe other and are spaced in between adjacent walls 28. A row ofregenerator chambers 16 or 18 between each adjacent pair of walls 28 and30 extends from one side of the battery to the other. However, forsimplicity of illustration only a few of the regenerators are shown inthe drawings. For convenience each of the regenerator chambers disposedto the left of each of the regenerator walls 28 is designated by thereference numeral 18 and each of the regenerator chambers at theopposite side of the pillar wall 28 is designated by the referencenumeral 16. Each of the regeneration chambers 16 and 18 extending fromone side of the battery to the other is preferably divided by walls 32into end to end sections and there are about as many walls 32 in each ofthe regenerator chambers 16 and 18 as there are pairs of hairpin fluesin each heating wall 12. The space between each adjacent pair of walls32 in each regenerator chamber 18 is in direct communication with anadjacent combustion flue 20 and each of the regenerator chambers 16 issimilarly divided by a plurality of transverse walls 32 (not shown) intoa row of sections, each of said sections in communication with theadjacent combustion flue 22.

In the arrangement shown, each regenerator chamber 16 is connected to anadjacent flue 20 by means of an inclined channel 34 and each regeneratorchamber 18 is connected to an adjacent flue 22 by a correspondinginclined channel 36. Each chamber 16 receives air from a subjacenthorizontal sole channel 38 when products of combustion flow upwardlythrough the flues 20 and downward through the flues 22 and dischargesproducts of co1nbustion into the channel 38 when the flow is reversed.Each chamber 18 receives air from a subjacent horizontal sole channel 40when products of combustion flow upward through the lines 22 anddownward through the flues 20 and discharges products of combustion intothe channel 40 when the flow is reversed. As is well known, thedirection of flow through the fiues 20 and 22 is ordinarily reversed atregular intervals, usually a half hour each. As shown, spent products ofcombustion are discharged into associated sole channel 38 or into theadjacent channels 40 accordingly as the flow is in one direction or theother. Air under pressure may be supplied alternately to the channel 38and to the channel 40, and air is alternately successively drawn bysuction through the channels 38 and 40.

Each heating wall 12 is made up of two spaced vertical brickwork liners42 and 44 between which extend the hairpin flues 20 and 22 and theconnecting passages 24. To define the flues 20 and 22 and the passages24 vertically extending binder walls 46 and 48 extend between thebrickwork liners 42 and 44 at spaced intervals to divide the spacebetween the liners 42 and 44 into the flues 20 and 22. As seen in FIG. 5the walls 46 do not extend to the top of the flues but are spaced aparttherefrom to provide for the passages 24 and the walls 48 extend to thetop of the fines to separate one pair of hairpin flues 20-22 from theadjacent pair thereof. In accordance with one feature of the presentinvention, each of the brickwork liners 42 and 44 is substantially ofuniform thickness throughout save for the bottommost courses of bricksnot exceeding about three of standard dimensions in number, but hereshown as only one in number, which bottommost courses are thickened toprovide for erosion resistance from the action of the pusher. As will beobvious to those skilled in the art, substantially uniformly thickliners 42 and 44 are far more simple to construct than are the steppedliners heretofore employed. It will further be understood as thisdescription proceeds that the use of the uniformly thick liners 42 and44 can only be eifectuated provided the burning or heating in the flues20 and 22 is substantially uniform throughout the height thereof. Aswill be shown hereinafter such uniform burning is achieved by thepresent invention. It will be understood that by the use of the termuniformly thick liners or substantially uniformly thick liners is meantto convey that the liners 42 and 44 are substantially uniformly thickabove about the third course of bricks of standard height of about 4 /2inches forming said liners. This is to be contrasted with conventionalstepped wall liner construction wherein the wall is divided into threesections of, for instance, six inches, five inches and four inchesthickness. iations in thickness of the wall liners made in accordancewith the present invention above about the third course of bricks willnot render a wall not substantially uniformly thick. As has been pointedout hereinbefore, the bottommost course must be somewhat thicker thanthe remainder of the wall. If desired, up to about the bottom threecourses of standard sized bricks (4%. inches high) may be made somewhatthicker.

As shown herein the fuel gas is supplied to the lower ends of the flues20 and 22 by means of gun flues 50 and 52 which are disposed in thebrickwork deck 26 and extend beneath the liners 42 and 44, respectively.The positioning of the gun flues under the liners rather than under theflues as is usual permits the passages '34 and 36 to extend straightupward into the flues 20 and 22 instead of around the gun flues as isthe usual construction. This form of construction aids in introducingthe air in a straight upward path which is advantageous as will becomeapparent hereinafter. Branching off at spaced intervals from each gunflue 50 is an inclined passage 54 for conveying gas from the gun flue 50to a vertically directed nozzle 56 which is located at the bottom ofeach flue 20 along one side thereof. As shown herein the nozzles 56 areeach centrally located with respect to the width of the flues 20although this is not absolutely necessary to the present invention.Branching off at spaced intervals at each of the gun flues 52 is aplurality of inclined passages 58 for conveying rich gas from the gunflue passages 52 to nozzles 60 disposed at the bottoms of the flues 22.Each of the nozzles 60, like each of the nozzles 56, is oriented tointroduce the rich gas into the respective flues in a substantiallysolely vertical direction. Moreover, each of the nozzles 60 is locatedpreferably relatively close to one side of its flue 22 and centrally ofthe width thereof. It will be understood as is common practice that gasis alternately fed to the gun flues 5t and 52 depending upon the flow ofheating products through the flues 20 and 22. In the event that air andgas is moving upwardly through the flues 20 and downwardly through theflues 22 then rich gas is fed to the nozzles 56 by means of the gunflues 50 and at that time no gas is flowing through the gun flues 52.When the flow is reversed, gas ceases to flow through the gun flue 50and gas is supplied through the gun flue 52 to the nozzles 60. Althoughthe gun flue construction is preferred, the present invention can alsobe practiced with other constructions such as underjet ovens.

In accordance with one of the major features of the present invention Ihave devised means for greatly elongating the flame issuing from a richgas nozzle 56 or 60 whereby to have substantially continuous burning ofthe gas as it moves upwardly through the respective flues to therebyprovide for uniform heating of the coke ovens Notwithstanding, however,minor varthroughout the height thereof. As is pointed out hereinbefore,due to this uniform heating of the coke oven throughout the heightthereof the stepping of the liner walls 42 and 44 can be dispensed withto thereby yield uniformly thick liner walls which are simpler to build.The means for achieving this desirable end are shown in detail in FIGS.2, 3 and 4. Referring now to these figures, each channel 34 extendingfrom the regenerator chamber 16 to the flues 20 is bifurcated at itsupper end into two branches 62 and 64 which are substantially solelyvertically directed and which open into the bottom of the flues 20 atsome distance from the nozzle 56. The two branch passages 62 and 64preferably open into the flue 20 at opposite sides of a vertical conduitor chimney 66 the lower end of which is anchored in the deck 26. Thevertically extending passage 68 through the chimney 66 is in directcommunication with the passage 34 and preferably extends upwardly asubstantial distance above the deck 26 to convey additional combustionair for admixture with the upwardly moving gas at a substantially higherpoint in the flue. For instance, in a typical coke oven constructionwherein the vertically extending flue 20 is approximately eleven feet inheight, the top of the chimney may be approximately two feet above thedeck 26.

Each flue 22 is similarly provided with a chimney 70 having a verticallyextending passage 72 therethrough, which passage is in communicationwith the air passage 36 at one end and opens in a vertical directioninto the flue 22 at the other end. Likewise, the passage 36 extendingfrom the regenerators 18 to the flues 22 are bifurcated into two parts74 and 76, the two parts 74 and 76 also passing into the flues 22 insubstantially a straight vertical direction with no substantialhorizontal directional component included.

Thus it will be seen that combusion air introduced into the flues 20 and22 through the passages 34 and 36 enters said flues through threeopenings, two of which are at the level of the top of the deck 26 andone of which is dis posed substantially above said deck. As will bedescribed in greater detail hereinafter it is due to the verticallyspaced introduction of the combustion air into the flues and the factthat the combustion air introduced at the bottom of the flues movesvertically upwardly in a path substantially parallel to the path of thegas introduced through the nozzles that the flame is greatly elongatedto provide for uniform heating.

In accordance with another constructional feature of the presentinvention means is included for regulating the total amount of combusionair introduced into each flue and for regulating the proportion of saidcombustion air introduced at the bottom of the flue and at the top ofthe chimney. As shown herein these regulating means are sliding bricks.Referring particularly to FIG. 4, a sliding brick 74 slidably disposedon the top surface of the deck 26 in each of the flues 20 is adapted tobe moved into overlying relation with the passage 62 to thereby controlthe opening of that passage into the flue 20. Likewise a sliding brick76 is adapted to control the opening of the passage 64 into the flue 20.In a similar fashion sliding bricks 78 and 80' are adapted to controlthe size of the openings of the bifurcated portions 75 and 77 of thepassages 36 into the flue 22. At the top of each chimney 66 in the flues20 is a sliding brick 82 which is adapted to control the size of theopening from the passage 68 into the flue 20 and, similarly, a slidingbrick 84 performs the same function with respect to the tops of thechimneys 70 in the flues 22. With respect to each flue 20 the totalvolume of combustion air introduced therein can be controlled byproperly manipulating the sliding bricks 74, 76 and 82 and, further, thedistribution of the air between that introduced at the bottom of theflue and that introduced at the top of the chimney can be controlled bycontrolling the relative sizes of the openings at the bottom of the flueand the top of the chimney.

Similar manipulation of the sliding bricks 78, 80 and 84 in the flues 22can achieve the same result for upward flow of combustion air therein.

In operation and assuming (1) that air and gas are being introduced intoand moving upward in the flues 20 and the products of combusion aremoving downwardly and out through the flues 22; (2) that gas is beingintroduced in a strict vertical direction through the nozzle 56; and (3)that sliding bricks 74, 7 6 and 82 are all properly adjusted for theproportioning of the introduction of air at the bottom and top of thechimney 66, then the air introduced at the bottom of the chimneysthrough the bifurcated portions 62 and 64 of the air passages 34 willmove upwardly parallel to the gas ejected from the nozzle 56. With theair and the gas moving in parallel paths, i.e. substantially laminarflow, there will not be complete mixing of the air and the gas but onlya partial admixing thereof, some of the gas remaining uncombined withthe .air. This fractional combination of air and gas is enhanced by thefact that the volume of air introduced at the bottom of the flue isinsufficient to combine with the total volume of gas. Thus there willonly be a partial or incomplete burning of the gas as it moves upwardlyin the area of the chimney. Moreover, this burning will be continuous asthere is constant admixing of the streams of air .and gas as they moveparallel upwardly through the flue 20 in laminar flow. However, as theadditional stream of air is added at the top of the chimney this airwill be available for further combination with the gas as it continuesmoving upwardly through the flue 20. Again, as in the zone of thechimney, this mixing, due to the fact that the streams of air and gasmove in parallel directions, will be gradual so that the combustion willcontinue throughout substantially the entire length of the flue. Tomaintain the streams of air and gas flowing in parallel paths, it ispreferable that turbulence in the streams be kept to a minimum. Thus,the flame emanating from the nozzle 56 extends for substantially thefull length or height of the flue 20 in much the same fashion as isachieved with lean gas. Hence, with proper regulation of the volume ofair introduced into the flues 20 and with proper regulation of therelative amounts introduced at the bottom and top of the chimney,complete combustion of the gas can be achieved by the time the streamreaches the top of the flue 20 and throughout the length of the fluecombustion will continue. With proper regulation this combustion can besubstantially uniform throughout to thereby yield a substantiallyconstant temperature throughout the entire height of the flue 20.Temperature differences throughout flues of the described constructioncan be readily kept to less than 30 C. as compared with present daydifferences of as much as 150 C. With the temperature within the flue 20being substantially uniform throughout the length thereof there is noneed for the graduating of the thickness of the liner walls 42 and 44 asis generally done in prior art constructions to thereby permit the useof the uniformly thick liner walls heretofore mentioned. Naturally, theproducts of complete combustion in the flue 20 will pass through thepassage 24 and downwardly through the associated flues '22 and outthrough the regenerators 18 and sole channel 40. In addition toregulating the combustion as described above, the total volume of gasand air flowing through each of the flues may be regulated by suitablemeans such as sliding bricks located at the tops of the flues or in thepassages 24.

After due passage of time, the flow will be reversed to introduce airand gas upwardly in a substantially strict vertical direction throughthe flues 22 and downwardly through the flues 20. Naturally, regulationof the volume of combustion air available to flues 22 can be achieved bymanipulation of the sliding bricks and, further, the relative amounts ofair introduced at the bottom and top of the chimney can also be soregulated. Again, as is true with upwardly flow through the flues 20,with proper proportioning of the volume of air at the bottom and top ofthe flue 22 and with the strict vertical passage of the streams of airand gas through said flue 22 the length of the flame in the flue 22 canbe substantially the full length or height of the flue 22 to yielduniform heating throughout the height of the heating wall. Naturally,with the products of combustion moving upwardly through the flue 22 theywill pass through the passages 24 and down through the flues 20 and outthrough the regenerators 16 and the sole channels 38.

Hence, it will be seen that by utilizing the features of the presentinvention and particularly by spacing the zones of air and gas at thebottom of the flues and by directing said streams of air and gas in aparallel upward direction to inhibit admixing thereof the elongatedflame can be achived to thus yield substantially uniform heating.

With the substantially uniform burning throughout the height (or length)of the flues the substantially uniformly thick wall liners 42 and 44 maybe employed. The thickness of these wall liners may be equal to theminimum thickness of previously used stepped wall liners, approximatelyfour inches, in which event, if the same amount of gas is consumed as inconventional coke ovens, the temperature within the coke ovens will behigher to thus yield a more rapid coking of the coal charge or, theamount of fuel consumed may be reduced to reduce the temperature in thecoking chamber to that normally encountered in present day ovens to thusyield a coking rate the same as is presently achieved but with less fueland with lower flue temperatures. As the deterioration of the linerwalls is dependent in part on temperature, the life of the liner wallsunder the reduced temperature conditions will be substantiallyincreased.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, in a present day conventional gun fluehairpin oven having a standard stepped liner walls of the dimensions sixinches thick at the bottom, five inches thick in the middle and fourinches thick at the top, to maintain the present day standard cokingrate of one inch per hour in a seventeen inch wide oven, it isnecesssary to have the temperature at the bottom of the flueapproximately 1420 C. which results in the temperature at the middle ofthe flue being about 1350" C. and at the top of the flue 1280 C. Withthese flue temperatures in a stepped liner wall construction thetemperature of the oven side of the liner walls will be uniformly about1000 C. and this will yield the standard coking rate of about one inchper hour.

However, as shown in FIG. 8, in an oven of my novel construction asdescribed herein, and having substantially uniformly thick liner wallsof about four inches thickness, if the maximum temperature in the flueis maintained at the same level as the maximum temperature in the flueof a conventional oven, namely 1420 C., the temperature throughout theflue in my oven will be approximately 1420 C. to thereby yield asubstantially uniform temperature of about 1070 C. on the coke ovenchamber side of the uniformly thick liner walls. This higher coke ovenchamber temperature will result in a faster coking rate, which increasedcoking rate will result in a reduction in coking time in a seventeeninch coking chamber of about an hour and a half.

In the alternative, as shown in FIG. 7, in a coke oven battery of mynovel construction, the coking rate can be maintained at the standardvalue of one inch per hour by lowering the maximum temperature in theheating flues. I have found that to maintain the temperatures on thecoking chamber side of the liner walls at 1000 C., the maximumtemperature inside the heating flues, assuming substantially uniformlythick liner walls of four inches, will be only about 1280 C., resultingin a net reduction of flue temperature of about C. This substantialreduction in flue temperatures will result in a substantially longerlife for the wall liners and in a saving in fuel.

While I have herein shown and described the preferred form of thepresent invention, it will be understood that various changes andmodifications can be made therein within the scope of the appendedclaims without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

What I claim is:

1. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, each of said heating walls comprising a pair of spacedapart heating wall liners and a multiplicity of transversely extendingbinders defining a multiplicity of vertically extending flues, each ofsaid flues having at the bottom thereof means for introducing therein insubstantially solely a vertical direction rich gas, means horizontallyspaced from said gas introducing means for introducing a stream ofcombustion air, said last mentioned means including an air passagehaving a substantially solely vertically extending end portioncommunicating with the bottom of said flues and a substantially solelyvertically directed chimney overlying a part only of said verticallyextending end portion of said air passage for conducting air to saidflue at a level substantially above the bottom of said flue, saidchimney being spaced from said heating wall liners.

2. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 1 furthercomprising a sliding brick in each of said flues adapted to overlie thepart of said end portion of said air passage which is out of underlingrelation with said chimney for adjusting the opening hereof into saidflue, and a second sliding brick in each of said flues adapted tooverlie the top of the chimney therein for adjusting the chimney openinginto said flue.

3. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating Walls disposedtherebetween, each of said heating walls comprising a pair of spacedapart heating wall liners and a multiplicity of transversely extendingbinders defining a multiplicity of vertically extending flues, each ofsaid flues having a substantially solely vertically directed nozzle atthe bottom thereof for introducing a vertically directed stream of richgas therein, a refractory deck underlying said coke oven chambers andheating walls, said deck having a plurality of air passages extendingtherethrough into said flues for conducting air thereinto, the endportions of said passages being substantially solely verticallyextending and being horizontally spaced from their associated nozzles,and a vertically extending chimney in each of said flues spaced fromsaid heating wall liners and overlying a central part of the end portionof its associated air passage and leaving uncovered two side partsthereof, said chimney having its upper end spaced a substantial distancefrom the bottom of said flue.

4. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, said heating walls each including a pair of spacedsubstantially uniformly thick wall liners having a multiplicity ofvertically extending hairpin flues disposed therebetween, each of saidflues having a substantially solely vertically di rected nozzle at thebottom thereof for introducing a vertically directed stream of rich gasthereinto, a refractory deck underlying said coke oven chambers andheating walls, said deck having a plurality of air passages extendingtherethrough into said flues for conducting air thereinto, the endportion of each of said passages being substantially solely verticallyextending and being horizontally spaced from its associated nozzle, anda vertically extending chimney in each of said flues overlying a centralpart of the end portion of its associated air passage and leavinguncovered two side parts thereof, said 1t) chimney having its upper endspaced a substantial distance from the bottom of said flue.

5. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 4, furthercomprising a pair of sliding bricks adapted to overlie said side partsof said air passage opening, and a sliding brick adapted to overlie theupper end of said chimney.

6. A horizontal coke oven battery comprising a plurality of spaced apartcoke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, said heating walls having a multiplicity of verticallyextending flues therein, each of said flues having a regeneratordisposed beneath said chambers and heating walls, a refractory deckseparating said regenerator from said coke oven chambers and saidheating walls, each of said heating walls including a pair of spacedwall liners and a multiplicity of vertically extending flues disposedtherebetween, a gun flue for substantially each liner, said gun fluesextending horizontally through said deck in substantially verticalalignment with said liners, a substantially solely vertically directednozzle at the bottom of substantially each of said flues, passage meansfor connecting said nozzles to said gun flues, said deck having amultiplicity of substantially solely vertically extending passagestherein between said gun flues for connecting said regenerator to thebottoms of said flues for passing preheated combustion air to said fluesin a substantially solely vertical direction, the area of communicationof each of said passages with the bottom of its associated flue beinghorizontally offset from the nozzle therein, and a substantially solelyvertically extending chimney in substantially each of said flues, eachchimney being disposed in spaced relation with said heating wall linersover a portion only of said area of communication so that the remainderof said area of communication is out of underlying relation with saidchimney, the upper ends of said chimneys being located a substantialdistance above the bottoms of said flues.

7. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 6, wherein saidwall liners are of substantially uniform thickness.

8. A horizontal gun flue coke oven battery, comprising a plurality ofspaced apart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating wallsdisposed therebetween, each of said heating walls comprising a pair ofspaced apart heating wall liners and a multiplicity of transverselyextending binders defining a multiplicity of vertically extending flues,each of said flues having an upwardly directed nozzle for introducingrich gas therein, a refractory deck underlying said coke oven chambersand heating walls, said deck having a plurality of air passagesextending therethrough into said flues for conducting air thereinto, theend portions of said passages being upwardly directed and beinghorizontally spaced from their associated nozzles, and a verticallyextending chimney in each of said flues spaced from said heating wallliners and overlying a central part of the end portion of its associatedair passage and leaving uncovered a portion thereof, said chimney havingits upper end spaced a substantial distance from the bottom of saidflue.

9. A horizontal gun flue coke oven battery as defined in claim 8,further comprising a sliding brick in each of said flues adapted tooverlie the part of said end portion of said air passage which is out ofunderlying relation with said chimney for adjusting the opening thereofinto said flue, and a second sliding brick in each of said flues adaptedto overlie the top of the chimney therein for adjusting the chimneyopening into said flue.

10. A horizontal gun flue coke oven battery, comprising a plurality ofspaced apart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating wallsdisposed therebetween, said heating walls each including a pair ofspaced apart heating wall liners of substantially uniform thickness witha multiplicity of vertically extending flues disposed therebetween, eachof said flues having an upwardly directed nozzle for introducing richgas therein, a refractory deck underlying said coke oven chambers andheating walls, said deck having a plurality of air passages extendingtherethrough into said flues for conducting air thereinto, the endportions of said passages being upwardly directed and being horizontallyspaced from their associated nozzles, and a vertically extending chimneyin each of said flues overlying a central part of the end portion of itsassociated air passage and leaving uncovered a portion thereof, saidchimney having its upper end spaced a substantial distance from thebottom of said flue.

' 11. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, said heating walls each including a pair of spaced apartsubstantially uniformly thick wall liners having a multiplicity ofvertically extending flues disposed therebetween, each of said flueshaving a substantially solely vertically directed nozzle at the bottomthereof for introducing a vertically directed stream of rich gasthereinto, a refractory deck underlying said coke oven chambers andheating walls, said deck having a plurality of air passages extendingtherethrough into said flues for conducting air thereinto, the endportion of each of said passages being substantially solely verticallyextending and being horizontally spaced from its associated nozzle, anda vertically extending chimney in each of said flues spaced from saidheating wall liners and overlying a central part of the end portion ofits associated air passage and leaving uncovered two side parts thereof,said chimney having its upper end spaced a substantial distance from thebottom of said flue.

12. A horizontal gun flue coke oven battery, comprising a plurality ofspaced apart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating wallsdisposed therebetween, said heating walls each including a pair ofspaced apart heating wall liners of substantially uniform thickness witha multiplicity of vertically extending flues disposed therebetween, eachof said flues having an upwardly directed nozzle for introducing richgas therein, a refractory deck underlying said coke oven chambers andheating walls, said deck having a plurality of air passages extendingtherethrough into said flues for conducting air thereinto, the endportions of said passages being upwardly directed and being horizontallyspaced from their associated nozzles, and a vertically extending chimneyin each of said flues spaced from said heating wall linersand overlyinga central part of the end portion of its associated air passage andleaving uncovered a portion thereof, said chimney having its upper endspaced a substantial distance from the bottom of said flue.

13. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, said heating walls comprising a pair of spaced apartheating wall liners and a multiplicity of transversely extending bindersdefining a multiplicity of vertically extending flues, each of saidflues having at the bottom thereof means for introducing therein insubstantially solely a vertical direction rich gas, said rich gasintroducing means being located substantially equidistant from itsassociated heating wall liners and adjacent one of its associatedbinders, means horizontally spaced from said gas introducing means forin troducing a stream of combustion air into each of said flues, saidlast mentioned means including an air passage having a substantiallysolely vertically extending end portion communicating with the bottom ofsaid flues adjacent the other of the binders defining the flues, and asubstantially solely vertically directed chimney overlying the centralpart only of said end portion of said air passage and leaving the sideparts thereof in direct communication with the bottom of said fluewhereby air will be introduced into the bottom of the flue and at alevel substantially above the bottom thereof, said chimney being spacedfrom said heating wall liners.

14. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, said heating walls comprising a pair of spaced apartheating wall liners and a multiplicity of transversely extending bindersdefining a multiplicity of vertically extending flues, each of saidflues having at the bottom thereof means for introducing therein insubstantially solely a vertical direction rich gas, said rich gasintroducing means being located substantially equidistant from itsassociated heating wall liners and adjacent one of its associatedbinders, means horizontally spaced from said gas introducing means forintroducing a stream of combustion air, said last mentioned meansincluding an air passage having substantially solely verticallyextending end portion communicating with the bottom of said fluesadjacent the other of the binders defining the flue, and a substantiallysolely vertically directed chimney overlying the central part only ofsaid end portion of said air passage and leaving the side parts thereofin direct communication with the bottom of said flue whereby air will beintroduced into the bottom of the flue and at a level substantiallyabove the bottom thereof, said chimney being connected to said other ofsaid binders and being spaced from said heating wall liners.

15. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, each of said heating walls comprising a pair of spacedapart heating wall liners and a multiplicity of transversely extendingbinders defining a multiplicity of vertically extending flues, each ofsaid flues having at the bottom thereof means for introducing therein insubstantially solely a vertical direction rich gas, means horizontallyspaced from said gas introducing means for introducing a stream ofcombustion air, said last mentioned means including an air passagehaving a substantially solely vertically extending end portioncommunicating with the bottoms of said flues and a chimney having asubstantially solely vertically directed upper end portion forintroducing air into said flue at a level substantially above the bottomof the fine in substantially solely a vertical direction, said chimneybeing spaced from said heating wall liners.

16. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 15, furthercomprising a sliding brick adapted to overlie said upper end of said airpassage, and a sliding brick adapted to overlie the upper end of saidchimney.

17. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, said heating walls each including a pair of spacedsubstantially uniformly thick wall liners having a multiplicity ofvertically extending flues disposed therebetween, each of said flueshaving a substantially solely vertically directed nozzle at the bottomthereof for introducing a vertically directed stream of rich gasthereinto, a refractory deck underlying said coke oven chambers andheating Walls, said deck having a plurality of air passages extendingtherethrough into said flues for conducting air thereinto, the endportion of each of said passages being substantially solely verticallyextending and being horizontally spaced from its associated nozzle, andvertically extending chimneys associated with said flues for conductingcombustion air to said flues, the upper ends of said chimneys being asubstantial distance above the bottoms of said flues and beingsubstantially solely vertically directed.

18. A horizontal coke oven battery, comprising a plurality of spacedapart coke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls disposedtherebetween, said heating walls each including a pair of spacedsubstantially uniformly thick Wall liners having a multiplicity ofvertically extending flues disposed therebetween, each of said flueshaving a substantially solely vertically directed nozzle at the bottomthereof for introducing a vertically directed stream of rich gasthereinto, a refractory deck underlying said coke oven chambers andheating Walls, said deck having a plurality of air passages extendingtherethrough into said fines for conducting air thereinto, the endportion of each of said passages being substantially solely verticallyextending and being horizontally spaced from its associated nozzle, andvertically extending chimneys associated With said fiues for conductingcombustion air to said flues, the upper ends of said chimneys being asubstantial distance above the bottoms of said flues and beingsubstantially solely vertically directed, said chimneys being spacedfrom said heating Wall liners.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,212,866 1/17Wilputte 202-151 1,355,530 10/20 Birkholz 202-151 1,873,077 8/32 VanAckeren 202-135 1,901,770 3/33 Petsh 202-135 1,904,018 4/33 Vespeaux202-135 1,918,926 7/33 Otto 202-135 1,999,780 4/ 35 Petsch 202-1352,100,762 11/37 Becker 202-151 2,103,620 12/37 Cellan Jones 202-151 52,114,018 4/38 Frevert et al 202-151 2,186,237 1/40 Denig 202-1512,216,983 10/40 Otto 202-151 2,255,406 9/41 Becker 202-151 2,255,4259/41 Koppel 202-151 10 2,281,847 5/42 Koppers 202-151 2,294,005 8/42Taylor et a1. 202-151 2,672,437 3/54 Otto 202-151 2,746,913 5/56Schurhoff 202-151 5 FOREIGN PATENTS 492,735 2/ 30 Germany. 1,021,56712/52 France.

MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner.

20 RICHARD D. NEVIUS, MILTON STERMAN, AL-

PHONSO D. SULLIVAN, Examiners.

1. A HORIZONTAL COKE OVEN BATTERY, COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF SPACEDAPART COKE OVEN CHAMBERS AND A PLURALITY OF HEATINGT WALLS DISPOSEDTHEREBETWEEN, EACH OF SAID HEAING WALLS COMPRISING A PAIR OF SPACEDAPART HEATING WALL LINERS AND A MULTIPLICITY OF TRANSVERSELY EXTENDINGBINDERS DEFINING A MULTIPLICITY OF VERTICAL EXTENDING FLUES, EACH OFSAID FLUES HAVING AT THE BOTTOM THEREOF MEANS FOR INTRODUCIGN THEREIN INSUBSTANTIALLY SOLELY A VERTICAL DIRECTION RICH GAS, MEANS HORIZONTALLYSPACED FROM SAID GAS INTRODUCING MEANS FOR INTRODUCING A STREAM OFCOMBUSTION AIR, SAID LAST MENTIONED MEANS INCLUDING AN AIR PASSAGEHAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY SOLELY VERTICALLY EXTENDING END PORTIONCOMMUNICATING WITH THE BOTTOM OF SAID FLUES AND AN SUBSTANTIALLY SOLELYVERTICALLY DIRECTED CHIMNEY OVERLYING A PART ONLY OF SAID VERTICALLYEXTENDING END PORTION OF SAID AIR PASSAGE FOR CONDUCTING AIR TO SAIDFLUE AT A LEVEL SUBSTANTIALLY ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF SAID FLUE, SAIDCHIMNEY BEING SPACED FROM SAID HEATING WALL LINERS.